Rhinolophus Lacepede, 1799. Tabl. Div. Subd. Orders Genres Mammiferes p. 15.
Vespertilio ferrum-equinum Schreber, 1774. Conserved in ICZN Opinion 91 (1926) and Direction 24 (1955)
Rhinolophus achilles O. Thomas, 1900.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser 7., 5:154.
Queensland Horseshoe Bat
achilles O. Thomas, 1900:
robertsi Tate, 1952.
Indonesia, Kai Islands
Kai Isls. (Indonesia), NE Queensland (Australia)
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Not Evaluated (raised from synonymy).
References:
Bonaccorso, F.J. 1998. Bats of Papua New Guinea. Conservation International Tropical Field Guide Series, Conservation International, Washington, D.C.: 489. Not available online.
Burgin, C.J. 2019. Rhinolophus achilles. Pages 305-306 In D.E. Wilson and R.A. Mittermeier (eds.) Handbook of the Mammals of the World, vol. 9. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Not available online.
Churchill, S. 1998. Australian Bats. Reed New Holland Publishers, Sydney: 230. Not available online.
Churchill, S. 2008. Australian Bats. Second edition. Reed New Holland Publishers, Sydney: 256 pp. Not available online.
Csorba, G., P. Ujhelyi, and N. Thomas. 2003. Horseshoe Bats of the World. Alana Books, Bishop's Castle: 160pp. Not available online.
Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of the South-West Pacific and Moluccan Islands. Cornell University Press, Ithaca: 464 pp. Not available online.
Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of New Guinea. Revised and updated edition. Cornell University Press, Ithaca: 568 pp. Not available online.
Jackson, S., and C. Groves. 2015. Taxonomy of Australian Mammals. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, Australia: 1-529. Read description.
Reardon, T.B., S.K.A. Robson, J.G. Parsons, and T. Inkster. 2010. Review of the threatened status of the microchiropteran bat species on Cape York Peninsula. South Australian Museum, Adelaide: 83 pp. Not available online.
Thomas, O. 1900. A new bat from the Key Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 7(5): 145. Read article.
Rhinolophus acrotis von Heuglin, 1861.
Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 29, 8: p. 4, 10.
Eritrean Horseshoe Bat
acrotis Heuglin, 1861:
andersoni Thomas, 1904.
augur K. Andersen, 1904:
keniensis Hollister, 1916;
zambesiensis K. Andersen, 1904;
zuluensis K. Andersen, 1904.
Eritrea, Keren
Chad, Sudan, and Eritrea south to South Africa
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Least Concern (2017).
ferrumequinum species group. Previously considered a subspecies of clivosus, but apparently distinct; see Uvizl et al. (2024). We follow Uvizl et al. (2024) in recognizing just two subspecies at present, pending further study.
References:
Uvizl, M., Z.K. Varadínová, and P. Benda. 2024. Phylogenetic relationships among horseshoe bats within the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum group (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Zoologica Scripta 53(3): 249-266. Read article.
von Heuglin, T. 1861. Beitrage zur Fauna der Saugethiere N.O.-Afrika's. I. Chiroptera.. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 29(8): 1-24. Read article.
Rhinolophus acuminatus Peters, 1871.
Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1871: 308.
Accuminate Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus adami Aellen & Brosset, 1968.
Rev. Suisse Zool. 75: 443.
Adam's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823.
Zool. Res. Java 6: pl. figs. a, b.
Intermediate Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus alcyone Temminck, 1853.
Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p. 80.
Halcyon Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus alticolus Sanborn, 1936.
Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser 20(14): 108.
Cameroon Horseshoe Bat
Cameroon, cave at 5,800 feet on Mount Cameroon
SE Guinea; N Liberia; C Nigeria; WC Cameroon
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Not Evaluated (raised from synonymy).
capensis species group. Distinct from simulator based on its morphological distinctiveness (see Kock et al., 2000: 237; Csorba et al., 2003: 11) and its distributional discontinuity with simulator s.s.; see Burgin (2019). Originally described as a subspecies of alcyone from which it is clearly distinct; see Eisentraut (1956). Subsequently considered a full species (see e.g., Rosevear, 1965; Hayman and Hill, 1971). Koopman (1975) first suggested that alticolus was conspecific with simulator and this conclusion was widely adopted (see e.g., Kock et al., 2000; Simmons 2005). Demos et al. (2019) indicate that the type has been lost. Additional research is still needed.
References:
Burgin, C.J. 2019. Rhinolophus alticolus. Pages 287 In D.E. Wilson and R.A. Mittermeier (eds.) Handbook of the Mammals of the World, vol. 9. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Not available online.
Csorba, G., P. Ujhelyi, and N. Thomas. 2003. Horseshoe Bats of the World. Alana Books, Bishop's Castle: 160pp. Not available online.
Demos, T.C., P.W. Webala, S.M. Goodman, J.C. Kerbis Peterhans, M. Bartonjo, and B.D. Patterson. 2019. Molecular phylogenetics of the African horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae): expanded geographic and taxonomic sampling of the Afrotropics. BMC Evolutionary Biology 19(166): 1-14. Read article.
Eisentraut, M. 1956. Beitrag zur Chiropteren-Fauna van Kamerun (Westafrika). Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 84(): 505-540. Not available online.
Hayman, R.W., and J.E. Hill 1971. Order Chiroptera, part 2. Pages 1-73 In J. Meester and H.W. Setzer (eds.) The Mammals of Africa: An Identification Manual. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Not available online.
Kock, D., G. Csorba, and K.M. Howell. 2000. Rhinolophus maendeleo n. sp. from Tanzania, a horseshoe bat noteworthy for its systematics and biogeography (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae). Senkenbergiana Biologica 80: 233-239. Read article.
Koopman, K.F. 1975. Bats of the Sudan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 154: 353-444. Read article.
Rosevear, D.R. 1965. The bats of West Africa. British Museum (Natural History), London: 418. Not available online.
Sanborn, C.C. 1936. Descriptions and records of African bats. Publications Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series 20(14): 107-114. Read article.
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Chiroptera. Pages 312-529 In D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (eds.) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd edition, Volume 1. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Read chapter.
Rhinolophus andamanensis Dobson, 1872.
J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 41(2): 337.
Cryptic Andaman Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus arcuatus Peters, 1871.
Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1871: 305.
Arcuate Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus beddomei K. Andersen, 1905.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 16: 253.
Bedomme's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus belligerator Patrick, McCulloch & Ruedas, 2013.
Zool. Scr. 42(6): 568.
Belligerent Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1867.
Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1866: 17.
Blasius' Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus bocharicus Kastschenko & Akimov, 1917.
Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. St. Petersb. 22: 221.
Central Asian Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus borneensis Peters, 1861.
Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1861: 709.
Bornean Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909.
Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1909(68): 18.
Canut's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus capensis Lichtenstein, 1823.
Verz. Doblet. Mus. Univ. Berlin p. 4.
Cape Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus celebensis K. Andersen, 1905.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1905(2): 83.
Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus cervenyi Benda, Uvizl, Eiseb & Avenant, 2024.
Mammalia 88(3): 250.
Červený's Horseshoe Bat
Kingdom of Lesotho, Sehlabathebe National Park, small cave near the old park lodge
W Free State and SE Northern Cape (South Africa), Lesotho
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Not Evaluated (new species).
fumigatus species group.
References:
Benda, P., M. Uvizl, S.J. Eiseb, and N.L. Avenant. 2024. On the systematic position of the horseshoe bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Lesotho. Mammalia 88(3): 239-258. Read article.
Rhinolophus chaseni Sanborn, 1939.
Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser. 24(5): 38.
Chasen's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus chiewkweeae Yoshiyuki & Lim, 2005.
Bull Natn. Sci Mus Tokyo, Ser. A 31(1): 30.
Chiew Kwee's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus chutamasae Soisook & Bates, 2022.
Acta Chiropterol. 18(1): 118.
Mountain Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1828.
In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p. 47.
Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus coelophyllus Peters, 1867.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1866: 426.
Croslet Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus cognatus K. Andersen, 1906.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 3 2: 181.
Andaman Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus cohenae Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012.
PLoS ONE 7(9): 16.
Cohen's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus convexus Csorba, 1997.
J. Mammal. 78: 343.
Convex Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus cornutus Temminck, 1834.
Tijdschrift Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 1: 30.
Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus creaghi Thomas, 1896.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, 18: 244.
Creagh's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus damarensis Roberts, 1946.
Ann. Trans. Mus. 20(4): 303.
Damara Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus darlingi K. Andersen, 1905.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 15: 70.
Darling's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus deckenii Peters, 1868.
Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1867: 705.
Decken's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus denti Thomas, 1904.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 13: 386.
Dent's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus eloquens K. Andersen, 1905.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 15: 74.
Eloquent Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus episcopus G.M. Allen, 1923.
Am. Mus. Novitates 85: 2.
Guardian Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853.
Arch. Naturgesch. 19(1): 49.
Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus euryotis Temminck, 1835.
Monogr. Mamm. 2: 26.
Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774).
Die Säugethiere 1: 174, pl. 62.
Greater Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus foetidus K. Andersen, 1918.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 9(2): 378.
Andersen's Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn, 1939.
Publ. Field. Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 24: 41.
Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus francisi Soisook, Struebig, Bates & Miguez, 2015.
Acta Chiropterol. 17(1): 24.
Francis' Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus fumigatus Rüppell, 1842.
Mus. Senckenbergianum 3: 132.
Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus guineensis Eisentraut, 1960.
Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. 39: 1.
Guinean Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Peters, 1878.
Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1878: 195.
Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus hilli Aellen, 1973.
Period. Biol. Zagreb 75: 101.
Hill's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus hillorum Koopman, 1989.
Amer. Mus. Novit. 2946: 4.
Upland Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus hipposideros (André, 1797).
Der Zoologe 1 (5-8): 65.
Lesser Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus hirsutus K. Andersen, 1905.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 16: 289.
Hairy Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus horaceki Benda & Vallo, 2012.
Vespertilio 16: 84.
Horáček's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus imaizumii Hill & Yoshiyuki, 1980.
Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, ser. A (Zool.) 6: 180.
Imaizumi's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus inops K. Andersen, 1905.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 16: 284.
Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus keyensis Peters, 1871.
Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1871: 307.
Kai Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1837: 101.
Lander's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 13: 486.
Blyth's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus lobatus Peters, 1852.
Reise nach Mossambique 3: p. 41, pl. 9, pl. 13.
Lobed Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus luctoides Volleth, Loidl, Mayer, Yong, Müller & Heller, 2015.
Acta Chiropterol. 17(1): 4.
Luctus-like Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus luctus Temminck, 1834.
Tijdschrift Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 1: 23.
Greater Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus mabuensis Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012.
PLoS ONE 7(9): 17.
Mount Mabu Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus maclaudi Pousargues, 1898.
Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris sér. 1, 3: 358, figs. 1,2.
Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 13: 485.
Big-eared Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus madurensis K. Andersen, 1918.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, 2: 375.
Madura Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus maendeleo Kock, Csorba & Howell, 2000.
Senkenbergiana Biol. 80: 234.
Maendeleo Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus malayanus Bonhote, 1903.
In N. Annandale, Fasciculi Malayenses, Zool. 1: 15.
Malayan Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus marshalli Thonglongya, 1973.
Mammalia 37: 590.
Marshall's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus mcintyrei Hill & Schlitter, 1982.
Ann. Carnegie Mus. 51: 459.
McIntyre's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus megaphyllus Gray, 1834.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1834: 52.
Smaller Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus mehelyi Matschie, 1901.
Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p. 225.
Mehely's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus microglobosus Csorba & Jenkins, 1998.
Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 64(2): 208.
Indo-Chinese Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus midas (K. Andersen, 1905).
Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1905(2): 138.
Midas' Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 13: 483.
Mitred Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus monoceros K. Andersen, 1905.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1905(2): 131.
Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus montanus Goodwin, 1979.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 163: 112.
Timorese Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus morio Gray, 1842.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 10: 257.
Jester's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus mossambicus Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012.
PLoS ONE 7(9): 19.
Mozambican Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus namuli Curran, Kopp, Ruedi & Bayliss, 2022.
Acta Chiropterol. 24: 26.
Namuli Horseshoe Bat
Mozambique, Zambezia Province, ca. 10 km. north-west of Gurue, Mount Namuli
Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania
CITES - Not Listed (new species). IUCN - Not Evaluated (new species).
capensis species group. Morphologically very similar to maendeleo, which was moved to the adami species group by Kock et al. (2000). No sequences are available for either maendeleo or adami and the validity of this group is open to quesion (Curran et al. 2022).
References:
Curran, M., M. Kopp, M. Ruedi, and J. Bayliss. 2022. A new species of horseshoe bat (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Mount Namuli, Mozambique. Acta Chiropterologica 24(1): 19-40. Read abstract.
Kock, D., G. Csorba, and K.M. Howell. 2000. Rhinolophus maendeleo n. sp. from Tanzania, a horseshoe bat noteworthy for its systematics and biogeography (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae). Senkenbergiana Biologica 80: 233-239. Read article.
Rhinolophus nereis K. Andersen, 1905.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1905: 90.
Anamban Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus nippon Temminck, 1835.
Monogr. Mamm. 2: 30a.
Greater Japanese Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus osgoodi Sanborn, 1939.
Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 24: 40.
Osgood's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851.
Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. p. 33.
Pearson's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus perditus K. Andersen, 1918.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, 2: 377.
Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat
Japan, southern Liu-Kiu, Ishigaki
Yaeyama Group (Ryuku Isls)
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Endangered (2020).
pusillus species group; distinct from cornutus and imaizumii; see Wu et al. (2012). See also Yoshiyuki (1989), Csorba et al. (2003), and Sano and Armstrong (2009). Burgin (2019) considers imaizumii as subspecies of perditus, but given the data presented by Wu et al. (2012), we continue to recognize it as a distinct species.
References:
Andersen, K. 1918. Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 9, 2: 374-384. Read article.
Burgin, C. 2019. Rhinolophus perditus. Pages 311-312 In D.E. Wilson and R.A. Mittermeier (eds.) Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Not available online.
Csorba, G., P. Ujhelyi, and N. Thomas. 2003. Horseshoe Bats of the World. Alana Books, Bishop's Castle: 160pp. Not available online.
Sano A., and K.N. Armstrong. 2009. Rhinolophus cornutus, Rhinolophus pumilus, Rhinolophus perditus. Pages 60-65 In S.D. Ohdaci, Y. IShibashi, M.A. Iwasa, and T. Saitoh (eds.) The Wild Mammals of Japan. Kyoto: Shoukadoh. Read abstract.
Wu, Y., M. Motokawa, M. Harada, V.D. Thong, L.-K. Lin, and Y-C. Li. 2012. Morphometric variation in the pusillus group of the genus Rhinolophus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in East Asia. Zoological Science 29(6): 396-402. Read abstract.
Yoshiyuki, M. 1989. A systematic study of the Japanese Chiroptera. National Science Museum Monographs 16: 1-242. Read abstract.
Rhinolophus perniger Hodgson, 1843.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 12(1): 414.
Northern Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1843: 68.
Large-eared Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus proconsulis Hill, 1959.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 13, 2: 88.
Proconsul's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus pumilus K. Andersen, 1905.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1905(2): 127.
Little Okinawan Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus pusillus Temminck, 1834.
Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. 1: 29.
Least Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus refulgens K. Andersen, 1906.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 124.
Glossy Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus rex G. M. Allen, 1923.
Am. Mus. Novitates 85: 3.
King Horseshoe Bat
rex G. M. Allen, 1923:
paradoxolophus Bourret, 1951;
schnitzleri Wu & Thong, 2011.
China, Szechwan, Wanhsien
China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos P.D.R., Thailand
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Endangered (2020).
philippinensis species group. Redescribed by Hill (1972). Includes paradoxolophus; see Corbet and Hill (1992), Zhang et al. (2018), and Tu et al. (2023). See also Dorst (1954), Eger and Fenton (2003), and Thonglongya (1973). Includes schnitzleri; see Tu et al. (2023). We follow Tu et al. (2023) who found no evidence of subspecific divergence within rex sensu lato. Also see Tu et al's (2023) discussion of Chornelia et al.'s (2022) suggestion that this taxon contains cryptic diversity. Tu et al. (2023) note that rex s.l. is likely Near Threatened under IUCN criteria.
References:
Allen, G.M. 1923. New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates 85: 1-8. Read article.
Chornelia, A., J. Lu, and A.C. Hughes. 2022. How to accurately delineate morphologically conserved taxa and diagnose their phenotypic disparities: Species delimitation in cryptic Rhinolophidae (Chiroptera). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10:854509: 1-18. Read article.
Corbet, G.B., and J.E. Hill 1992. Mammals of the Indomalayan Region. A Systematic Review. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 1-488. Not available online.
Dorst, J. 1954. Précisions sur un rhinolophidé rare du Tonkin. Mammalia 18(2): 212-215. Read abstract.
Eger, J.L., and M.B. Fenton. 2003. Rhinolophus paradoxolophus. Mammalian Species 731: 1-4. Read article.
Hill, J.E. 1972. A note on Rhinolophus rex, Allen 1923 and Rhinomegalophus paradoxolophus, Bourret, 1951. Mammalia 36: 428-434. Read abstract.
Thonglongya, K. 1973. First record of Rhinolophus paradoxolophus (Bourret, 1951) from Thailand, with the description of a new species of the Rhinolophus philippinensis group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Mammalia 37: 587-597. Read abstract.
Tu, V.T., N.M Furey, T Görföl, A. Hassanin, S. Arai, D. Koyabu, B. Douangboubpha, and G. Csorba. 2023. A taxonomic reassessement of Rhinolophus rex Allen, 1923 and its allies (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Vertebrate Zoology 73(2023): 545-556. Read abstract.
Zhang, L., K. Sun, T. Liu, H. Zhao, G. Csorba, L. Jin, V.D. Thong, and J. Feng 2018. Multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation within the philippinensis group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Zoologica Scripta (): . Read abstract.
Rhinolophus robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, 2: 375.
Peninsular Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus rouxii Temminck, 1835.
Monogr. Mamm. 2: 30b.
Rufous Horseshoe Bat
rouxii Temminck, 1835:
cinerascens Kelaart, 1852;
fulvidus Blyth, 1851;
indorouxii Chattopadhyay, Garg, Kumar, Doss, Ramakrishnan & Kandula, 2012 [nomen nudum];
petersii Dobson, 1872;
rammanika Kelaart, 1852.
rubidus Kelaart, 1850
.India, Pondicherry and Calcutta
Sri Lanka, peninsular India to S Myanmar; possibly S China. Reports of this species from Cambodia are likely erroneous; see Kock (2000a)
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Least Concern (2019).
rouxii species group. Includes petersii; see Sinha (1973). Does not include sinicus; see Thomas (2000). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Horácek et al. (2000); revised by Thomas (2000). Sometimes spelled rouxi (e.g., Horácek et al., 2000; Koopman, 1993). The name proposed by Chattopadhyay et al. (2012) for an Indian phonic variant is a nomen nudum awaiting proper description.
References:
Bates, P.J.J., and D.L. Harrison. 1997. Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks: 258. Not available online.
Chattopadhyay, B., Garg, K.M., AK, V.K., Ramakrishnan, U. and Kandula, S. 2012. Sibling species in South Indian populations of the rufous horse-shoe bat Rhinolophus rouxii. Conservation Genetics 13(6): 1435-1445. Read abstract.
Horáček, I., V.Hanák, and J. Gaisler. 2000. Bats of the Palearctic region: a taxonomic and biogeographic review. Pages 11-157 In B.W. Woloszyn (eds.) Proceedings of the VIIIth European Bat Research Symposium. Vol I. Approaches to Biogeography and Ecology of Bats. Krakow, Poland: Chiropterological Information Center, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS. Not available online.
Koopman, K.F. 1993. Chiroptera. Pages 137-241 In D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (eds.) Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Not available online.
Sinha, Y.P. 1973. Taxonomic studies on the Indian horseshoe bats of the genus Rhinolophus Lacépède. Mammalia 37: 603-630. Read abstract.
Temminck, C.J. 1835. Monographies de Mammalogie, Tome Second. A. Bertrand, Leiden: 492pp. Read volume.
Thomas, N.M. 2000. Morphological and mitochondrial-DNA variation in Rhinolophus rouxii (Chiroptera). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 49: 1-18. Read article.
Rhinolophus rufus Eydoux & Gervais, 1839.
In Laplace, Voy. autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde...la Favorite 5(Zoologie)(pt. 2): 9.
Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus ruwenzorii J. Eric Hill, 1942.
Amer. Mus. Novit. 1180: 1.
Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus sakejiensis Cotterill, 2002.
J. Zool. 256: 166.
Sakeji Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus sedulus K. Andersen, 1905.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 16: 244, 247.
Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus septentrionalis Sanborn, 1939.
Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 24(5): 40.
Northern Horseshoe Bat
China, Yunnan, north of Likiang, Nguluko
S China
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Not Evaluated (raised from synonymy).
rouxii species group. Originally described as a subspecies of thomasi. Transferred to sinicus as a subspecies by Csorba (2002), but apparently distinct both morphologically (Csorba, 2002) and molecularly (Mao et al., 2013, 2019).
References:
Csorba, G. 2002. Remarks on some types of the genus Rhinolophus. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 94: 217-226. Read article.
Mao, X., G. He, J. Zhang, S.J. Rossiter, S. Zhang. 2013. Lineage divergence and historical gene flow in the Chinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sinicus). PLoS ONE 8(2): e56786. Read article.
Mao, X., Tsagkogeorga, G., Thong, V.D. and Rossiter, S.J. 2019. Resolving evolutionary relationships among six closely related taxa of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus) with targeted resequencing data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139(2): 106551. Read abstract.
Sanborn, C.C. 1939. Eight new bats of the genus Rhinolophus. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series 24: 37-43. Read article.
Rhinolophus shameli Tate, 1943.
Am. Mus. Novitates 1219: 3.
Shamel's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus shortridgei K. Andersen, 1918.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, 2: 376.
Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917.
Kungliga Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 57: 12.
Northern Thai Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus silvestris Aellen, 1959.
Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve 12: 228.
Forest Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus simulator K. Andersen, 1904.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 14: 384.
Bushveld Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus sinicus K. Andersen, 1905.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 98.
Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat
China, Anhwei (= Anhui), Chinteh
N India, Nepal, SW China (including Tibet), N Myanmar, N and C Vietnam
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Least Concern (2019).
rouxii species group. Previously included in rouxii, but distinct; see Thomas (2000), Wu et al. (2005), and Wu and Harada (2005). Does not include septentrionalis, see Csorba (2002) and Mao et al. (2013, 2019). May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).
References:
Andersen, K. 1905. On some bats of the genus Rhinolophus with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of twenty-six new forms. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1905(2): 75-145. Read article.
Chornelia, A., J. Lu, and A.C. Hughes. 2022. How to accurately delineate morphologically conserved taxa and diagnose their phenotypic disparities: Species delimitation in cryptic Rhinolophidae (Chiroptera). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10:854509: 1-18. Read article.
Csorba, G. 2002. Remarks on some types of the genus Rhinolophus. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 94: 217-226. Read article.
Mao, X., He, G., Zhang, J., Rossiter, S.J. and Zhang, S. 2013. Lineage divergence and historical gene flow in the Chinese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus). PLoS One 8(2): e56786. Read article.
Mao, X., Tsagkogeorga, G., Thong, V.D. and Rossiter, S.J. 2019. Resolving evolutionary relationships among six closely related taxa of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus) with targeted resequencing data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139(2): 106551. Read abstract.
Thomas, N.M. 2000. Morphological and mitochondrial-DNA variation in Rhinolophus rouxii (Chiroptera). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 49: 1-18. Read article.
Wu, Y. and Harada, M. 2005. Karyology of five species of the Rhinolophus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Guangdong, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica 25(2): 163-167. Read abstract.
Wu, Y., Harada, M. and Li, Y. 2005. Karyology of seven species bats from Sichuan, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica 24(1): 30-35. Read abstract.
Rhinolophus smithersi Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012.
PLoS One 7(9): 19.
Smithers' Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus stheno K. Andersen, 1905.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1905: 91.
Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus subbadius Blyth, 1844.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 13: 486.
Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus subrufus K. Andersen, 1905.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 16: 283.
Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus swinnyi Gough, 1908.
Ann. Transvaal Mus. 1: 72.
Swinny's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus tatar Bergmans & Rozendaal, 1982.
Bijdr.
Dierk. 52: 170.
Tatar Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus thailandensis Wu, Harada & Motokawa, 2009.
Acta Chiropterol. 11(2): 238.
Thai Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus thomasi K. Andersen, 1905.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1905, II: 100, pl. III, fig. 10.
Thomas's Horseshoe Bat
thomasi K. Andersen, 1905:
latifolius Sanborn, 1939.
Burma, Karin Hills
S China, E Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand
CITES - Not Listed (2023). IUCN - Least Concern (2019).
rouxii species group. Does not include septentrionalis; see Csorba (2002), Csorba et al. (2003) and Burgin (2019). Also see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al.(2001). Zhang et al (2009) suggested that thomasi and sinicus may be conspecific (see also Csorba, 2002), but data from Mao et al. (2019) support the distinctiveness of both taxa. Following Csorba et al. (2003) and Burgin (2019) we do not recognize any subspecies of thomasi.
References:
Andersen, K. 1905. On some bats of the genus Rhinolophus with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of twenty-six new forms. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1905(2): 75-145. Read article.
Burgin, C. 2019. Rhinolophus thomasi. Pages 326 In D.E. Wilson and R.A. Mittermeier (eds.) Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Not available online.
Corbet, G.B., and J.E. Hill 1992. Mammals of the Indomalayan Region. A Systematic Review. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 1-488. Not available online.
Csorba, G. 2002. Remarks on some types of the genus Rhinolophus. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 94: 217-226. Read article.
Csorba, G., P. Ujhelyi, and N. Thomas. 2003. Horseshoe Bats of the World. Alana Books, Bishop's Castle: 160pp. Not available online.
Hendrichsen, D.K., P.J.J. Bates, B.D. Hayes, and J.L. Walston. 2001. Recent records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Vietnam with six species new to the country. Myotis 39: 35-122. Not available online.
Mao, X., Tsagkogeorga, G., Thong, V.D. and Rossiter, S.J. 2019. Resolving evolutionary relationships among six closely related taxa of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus) with targeted resequencing data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139(2): 106551. Read abstract.
Zhang, L., G. Jones, J. Zhang, G. Zhu, S. Parsons, S.J. Rossiter, and S. Zhang 2009. Recent surveys of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from China. I. Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae. Acta Chiropterologica 11(1): 71-88. Read abstract.
Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834.
Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. 1: 24.
Trefoil Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus virgo K. Andersen, 1905.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1905, II: 88.
Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus willardi Kerbis Peterhans & Fahr, 2013.
Bonn Zool Bull 62(2): 190.
Willard's Horsehoe Bat
Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang & Jiang, 2009.
J. Mammal. 90(1): 64.
Southwestern-Chinese Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus yonghoiseni Volleth & Heller, 2021.
Acta Chiropterol. 21(1): 9.
Yong Hoi Sen's Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 41: 336.
Dobson's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus ziama Fahr, Vierhaus, Hutterer & Kock, 2002.
Myotis 40: 109.
Ziama Horseshoe Bat
Distinct from philippinensis, but the exact composition of this species is currently unclear. Two morphologically distinct populations occur on the Cape York peninisula of Australia; see Flannery (1995a, b), Churchill (1998), and Csorba et al. (2003). Flannery (1995a, b) referred the smaller of these forms to the subspecies maros (which he considered to be a senior synonym of alleni and sanborni) and the larger-bodied form to achilles. The only name based on an Australian holotype, robertsi, was treated as a junior synonym of achilles by Flannery (1995b). Flannery (1995a, b) referred all New Guinea populations to maros, but Bonaccorso (1998) referred the New Guinea and Cape York populations to robertsi, while recognizing the Kai Island form, achilles, as a distinct subspecies. Jackson and Groves (2015) followed Churchill (2008) and Reardon et al. (2010) in recognizing robersti as a distinct Australian species, but did not mention the other form, often referred to as the "intermediate" form (see Churchill, 2008; Reardon et al., 2010). Burgin (2019) synonymized robertsi with achilles, which has priority, on the basis of morphology. Burgin (2019) notes that there are two forms of achilles in Queensland that differ in size and echolocation peak frequency (true achilles and the "intermediate" form). Addiitional work is needed to resolve issues surrounding the composition and distribution of philippinesis, achilles, robertsi, and the "intermediate" form.